Pull-up 101, Part I
By
Harry Selkow
This article is part one of a three-part series.
When Elite asked me to write an article about pull-ups, I thought, no
problem. This will take about one line—grab a bar and give it a tug. That’s it.
Finished. Done!
Then I thought, well, no…this is impossible because the answer is dependent
on so many factors and is as individual as the person asking. I would need to
take into account questions such as: What is your goal? What is your training
goal? What is your “training” age? How many pull-ups can you do at the moment?
How much do you weigh? How tall are you? And are we talking about pull-ups or
chin-ups?
With all of this in mind, I’ve determined that the simple pull-up/chin-up
needs at least three separate articles to address at least the three different
progressions or starting places. So this article will address those who can do
at least 5–6 repetitions and possibly up to 12–15 repetitions with the goal of
getting to 20 repetitions. The second article will address the fat bastards
(also known as super heavy weights) who can’t pull at least one of their
multiple chins over the bar. Finally, the third article will be geared toward
the freaks who want to pull an extra 100 lbs over and above their current body
weight for 1–3 repetitions.
These exercises—the pull-up and the chin-up—are called different things
depending on where you learned them, who is demonstrating them, and how old you
are. We will refer to the pull-up as an exercise in which your hands are
pronated (palms away from your face when they’re holding the vertical bar so you
can see your knuckles) whereas the chin-up is an exercise in which you’re in the
supinated position with your palms facing you.
The basic difference between the two is that when you perform a chin-up,
you’re bringing more of the bicep into flexion of the elbow. Fact—the pull-up is
harder in most circumstances than the chin-up. If you want to do chin-ups by all
means go ahead. However, as far as setting up repetition and set schemes, I’ll
be referring to the exercise as a pull-up.
The pull-up is a humbling exercise in that if you can’t do a pull-up, you
can’t do a pull-up. You can’t cheat the pull-up, and it is one of the basics of
my programs. We squat, bench, and deadlift, and we do pull-ups. If your program
lacks any one of these components, you don’t have a program in my opinion.
The pull-up works really well within most training programs as an accessory
lift whether you follow the basic Westside conjugated program, Jim Wendler’s
5-3-1 program, or Joe DeFranco’s
Westside for Skinny Bastards. It’s the
antagonist movement to the vertical press and helps “build” the lift aspect of
the bench. Consider this—the movement of a proper pull-up is scapular depression
and retraction first followed by flexion of the elbows, with the goal of
getting the chin over a fixed object that is more than arms’ length away. With
the idea of a proper set-up for the bench in mind, we pull the shoulder blades
together (scapular retraction) and tuck them hard, pulling them down (scapular
depression) into the bench and arching the back while driving from the feet into
the floor. It is the same movement as the bench set-up. It’s the perfect
exercise to “build” the bench press.
Another fact—have you looked at a male gymnast and thought, “Wow! That guy’s
pretty ‘jacked’!” Well, no shit. The pull-up (which a male gymnast spends
countless hours doing) is also called the upper body squat. It does so
much for your torso physique that you can’t help but get “jacked” arms, back,
and shoulders from the performance of the exercise. Plus, when you can bang out
a set of 20, you automatically become a “big dawg” even if you have a sub par
squat or bench. I leave out the deadlift because ironically, as your pull-up
number goes up, so does your deadlift.
Before I go into the reps/set scheme, I heard this from Joe DeFranco, and I
told it to my football team—“The amount of pull-ups you can do is inversely
proportional to your forty time.” The more you can do, the faster your forty.
It’s the truth! Fat asses can’t run fast forties and they can’t do many
pull-ups.
To be as simple as possible for the rep/set scheme, here is the easiest way
to describe what I’ve offered in programs. Remember, we’re talking about getting
to 20 reps in one set, and we’re assuming you’re someone who can perform 5–12
repetitions.
Take the number of reps that you can do at this current moment while leaving
a rep or two in the “tank,” subtract two reps (depending on training age), and
divide that into the number 20 (total to be performed). That’s how many sets you
should start with.
X @ (90–95%) - 2–4 / 20 = y (for you math geeks)
In other words, I grab the bar and pull out nine reps, leaving 1–2 in
reserve. I then subtract four reps because I’ve been training for a while and
just now want to add pull-ups to my menu. So now I have five reps, and I need to
do four sets in order to get to 20 total reps in this workout.
Here’s another example. I’m a newbie, and I pull three reps. I need to get 20
total reps in my training session of military presses following Jim’s 5-3-1
method. I space my ten sets of two reps over the entire military press training
session.
There is no time limit except for the one of the entire session. If you need
more rest per set, take it. We then can progress by using the reps per set
variable or the time between sets. But somewhere, we will progress in every
training session.
As we do progress from ten sets of two to ten sets of three (I know we just
added ten reps to the total volume) and then to ten sets of four, we will get to
a point where the form breaks down, and you will flop around to accomplish the
suggested reps. Here’s where we can adjust and dumb it down. Remember, 20 is our
number. Say we get to six sets of five reps and set seven looks like you’re a
fish out of water. Cut back on the last four sets to the original number of two
reps. It looks like this: 6 X 5 X body weight; 4 X 2 X body weight. We’re still
getting those ten sets and keeping the form perfect while still adding to the
total volume.
In the beginning, I suggest doing two training sessions before progressing.
This allows joints, tendons, and muscles to acclimate a bit for the new movement
and volume. If you start to experience that “bad” pain, cut a session out and
add a horizontal pulling motion to your program (i.e. a dumbbell row or cable
row). I also suggest that you do 3–4 weeks of the pull-ups and then retest
yourself for a new max. Once you hit 15 reps, stay tuned for the third article
to accelerate your progress using weight. Or you can continue with the simple
body weight progression into the 20-rep count.
Now, get to tugging!
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